Guides

How it works, and the research behind it.

Every method in SayLocal traces back to published work on how people actually reach fluency. These guides explain what the app does and cite the evidence for it.

The evidence

Sources

The full bibliography behind these guides — 13 peer-reviewed and primary sources across 7 articles. Every claim links back to its origin.

  1. 01 Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. Psychology and the Real World (FABBS Foundation). Link ↗
  2. 02 Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 354–380. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354
  3. 03 Cepeda, N. J., Vul, E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., & Pashler, H. (2008). Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1095–1102. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02209.x
  4. 04 Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966–968. doi:10.1126/science.1152408
  5. 05 Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Language Learning Monograph Series, 52(s1). Blackwell. Link ↗
  6. 06 Krashen, S. D. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. Longman. Link ↗
  7. 07 Logan, J. S., Lively, S. E., & Pisoni, D. B. (1991). Training Japanese listeners to identify English /r/ and /l/: A first report. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(2), 874–886. Link ↗
  8. 08 Nation, I. S. P. (2006). How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening?. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(1), 59–82. Link ↗
  9. 09 Pimsleur, P. (1967). A memory schedule. The Modern Language Journal, 51(2), 73–75. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1967.tb06700.x
  10. 10 Renandya, W. A., & Farrell, T. S. C. (2011). “Teacher, the tape is too fast!” Extensive listening in ELT. ELT Journal, 65(1), 52–59. Link ↗
  11. 11 Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249–255. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x
  12. 12 Shport, I. A. (2016). Training English listeners to identify pitch-accent patterns in Tokyo Japanese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38(4), 739–769. Link ↗
  13. 13 Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press. Link ↗